Scolytodes Ferrari (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) from Ecuador: 40 new species

Bjarte Henry Jordal1, Sarah M. Smith2, Rukaya Johaadien3

1 The Natural History Museum, University Museum of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 2 Michigan State University: East Lansing, MI, US, ; 3 , Norway

Corresponding author(s): Bjarte Henry Jordal (Bjarte.Jordal@uib.no)Sarah M. Smith (smith462@msu.edu)

Received {date}; Revised {date}; Accepted {date}; Published {date}

Citation: Combination of authors, year of data paper publication (in parentheses), Title, Journal Name, Volume, Issue number (in parentheses), and doi of the data paper.

Abstract

The genus Scolytodes Ferrari is a highly diverse group of Neotropical bark beetles. Recent collecting by hand and canopy fogging in Ecuador produced many new records. Overlap in species composition between samples from the canopy and the ground was very low, and canopy fogging revealed the highest proportion of undescribed species.  
Altogether we report records for 55 species of Scolytodes from Ecuador, including 40 species new to science: Scolytodes pseudoatratus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes latipes Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes sloanae Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes samamae Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes otongae Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes chaplini Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes projectus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes lubricus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes inordinatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes cancellatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes jubatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes abbreviatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes stramineus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes teres Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes animus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes pseudoanimus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes bombycinus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes bisetosus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes horridus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes virgatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes criniger Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes pseudocrassus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes semicrassus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes pseudolepidus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes semilepidus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes fortis Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes peniculus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes tristis Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes chrysifrons Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes amictus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes cnesinoides Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes maestus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes vietus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes echinus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes rufifrons Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes arcuatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes validus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes sparsus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes lapillus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov., Scolytodes coronatus Jordal and Smith, sp. nov. We also provide the first description of the female and a new country record for Scolytodes grandis (Schedl, 1962) (=Scolytodes glaberrimus Wood, 1972 syn. nov.) and a redescription and new country record for Scolytodes pilifrons (Schedl, 1962). The total number of valid species is now 287. Additional new country records were established for Scolytodes acuminatus Wood, 1969, Scolytodes comosus Jordal and Kirkendall, 2019, Scolytodes costabilis Wood, 1974, Scolytodes glabrescens Wood, 1972, Scolytodes impressus Wood, 1969, Scolytodes nitidus (Eggers, 1928), Scolytodes striatus (Eggers, 1934), Scolytodes tucumani Wood, 2007, and from another Hexacolini genus, Pycnarthrum fulgidum Wood, 1977.

Keywords: Samplingevent, Coleoptera, 28S, canopy fogging, COI, Ecuador, EF-1α, molecular phylogeny, Scolytodes

Data published through GBIF: https://ipt.gbif.no/resource?r=scolytodes-jordal-2020

Taxonomic coverage

General taxonomic coverage description: Scolytodes
Taxonomic ranks
Genus: Scolytodes
Common names: Bark beetles

Methods

Method step description: DNA was extracted from specimens collected by hand which are part of longer series. An effort was made to include major morphological groups in the genus, with a deliberate bias towards species complexes in the atratus and cecropiavorus groups (Table 1). Partial sequences were amplified for the genes Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI, 690 bp), large subunit of ribosomal DNA (28S, 754 aligned bp) and Elongation Factor 1-α (EF-1α, 588 bp), using primers listed in Jordal et al. (Jordal et al. 2011). Separate Bayesian analyses of each gene, and combined data, were made in MrBayes 3.2.7 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Analyses were run for 10 million generations, with 5 million generations removed as burn in, after assessment of likelihood stationarity in Tracer (Rambaut et al. 2014). Data were also analysed by maximum likelihood (ML) in PAUP* (Swofford 2002). Evolutionary models selected were GTR+G+I for all three partitions, including 28S, COI first and second positions combined (due to limited variation in second position), and COI third position.
Study extent description: Samples were provided from various field expeditions to Ecuador and by a long-term canopy fogging project executed in the primary forest in Amazon Basin in Yasuní National Park at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station and Okone Gare Station located in Orellana province. Sites were sampled twice a year during each of the rainy (May–October) and dry seasons (November–April) and are detailed in Erwin et al. (2005). At the time of Erwin’s collecting (1998 and prior), the Orellana province had not yet been separated from the Napo province and label data on these specimens give Napo as the province. Hand collecting was made in primary forests at the Tiputini Biodiversity station, Yakusinchi Reserve (El Cotopaxi province), Murucumba and Samama nature reserves (Los Ríos province), all at lower altitudes (400–800 m.a.s.l). Material was also collected in Cosanga and Yanayacu Field station in Napo province, and Otonga nature reserve in Cotopaxi province, located at high altitude (1900–2100 m.a.s.l). 
Sampling description: Trapping of beetles was primarily done using Petrov flight intercept traps, ‘Petrov FIT’, as described in Nikulina et al. (2015). Measurements were made as previously reported in Jordal (1998b). Scolytodes is here treated as masculine as originally proposed and later corroborated by Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (2009) and followed by Bright (2019). All feminine amended names in Wood (2007) are therefore rejected. All holotypes are either deposited in Ecuador at Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito or U.S. National Museum of Natural History and held in trust for Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (MECN), Quito. Other material studied are deposited in the following institutions:

MECN Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Quito.
MSUC A.J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien.
QCAZ Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito (PUCE).
USNM U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C.
ZMBN Zoological collections (entomology) at the University Museum of Bergen.

Datasets

Dataset description
Object name: Darwin Core Archive Scolytodes Ferrari (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) from Ecuador: 40 new species
Character encoding: UTF-8
Format name: Darwin Core Archive format
Format version: 1.0
Distribution: https://ipt.gbif.no/archive.do?r=scolytodes-jordal-2020
Publication date of data: 2020-08-12
Language: English
Licences of use: Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License

Metadata language: English
Date of metadata creation: 2020-08-12
Hierarchy level: Dataset